Conglomerate:
Biggest companies in the media, a conglomerate is made up of different "subsidiaries"
The conglomerate owns the subsidiaries.
Example: Disney,
Disney's subsidiaries are: Film, TV, Theme Parks, Animation (Pixar), Marvel
A subsidiary can also be a Conglomerate itself, (EX: Marvel)
Advantage to being a conglomerate:
1) Lots of different revenue streams.
2) Established Brand name.
3) Cheaper+easier to produce and distribute your products
4) Target a Mass Audience
Cross media ownership: as soon as a conglomerates' subsidiaries and can produce more than one type of product its called Cross Media Ownership.
Vertical Integration:
This means the conglomerate has the ability to: produce (make it) , distribute (making it available for an audience), exchange (audience pays to access product) by THEMSELVES due to their subsidiaries. PDE= "The Value Chain".
(DISTRIBUTION also includes Advertising and Marketing)
Horizontal Integration
Horizontal Integration happens during the distribution stage. It is about the conglomerate having the ability to distribute a product on multiple platforms that they OWN. It can promote its products across it subsidiaries.
Synergy: Cross Promotion. H.I creates Synergy. (can be seen on multiple platforms)
Independent
1. Working on your own without outside help.
2. Complete opposite to how a conglomerate operates, is "integrated"
3. Doesn't own subsidiaries.
An example of this is warp films, who made the tv/film programme 'This Is England'. This made a 'joint venture' with channel 4, which is a conglomerate. 'This is England' did so well as an independent film that now it is a TV series that went on channel 4 called 'This is England 86'.
Audience Differences: Conglomerate V Independant.
1. independent: very niche audience
conglomerate: mass audience.
2. conglomerate: higher production value. action/blockbuster
independent: smaller budget. Horror/Social Realism (about society, very 'Gritty' and real)
Disadvantages: more expensive to distribute products, can only produce by themselves. Distribution and Exchange are difficult, so help from a conglomerate is needed. This is called a 'joint venture'. They don't own different platforms, unlike a conglomerate. It is very expensive as they don't have the revenue. They don't have subsidiaries.
Public Service Broadcaster
Public: available/targets everyone "mass"
Service: product(s)
Broadcaster: distributing tv and radio.
-Funded TV licence
-REMIT: A licence/responsibility
1) Produce + distribute different types of media.
2) BBC ---TV-- BBC 1.
--- Radio-- Radio 1.
---magazine-- Radio Times.
Like a conglomerate BBC has cross media ownership
Like a conglomerate they can produce multiple types of content, (tv and radio) but a PSB can not be seen as making a profit as their money is coming from the public.
PRODUCTION PROGRESS
1) Pre-production- The process and planning stage before the product is produced. In a movie this would be: Writing, designing and casting. Job roles in movies for this stage are producers, script writers, casting director, location scout and costume designers.
2) Production- putting planning into action. The making of/development of the assets. In a movie this would be filming, recording and directing. Job roles for this stage in movies are directors, special effects supervisors, stunt coordinators, actors and camera-people.
3) Post Production- Anything that still needs to be done after production. Editing/putting together the assets to make the product. In a movie this could be editing of audio and visual materials and re-shooting scenes and adding effects. Job roles for this stage are editors, visual effects artist, sound editors, music editors and composers.
In Radio shows:
Preproduction- scrip writer, producers
Production- host/presenter
Postproduction- sound editor/music editor (for jingles)
In Magazines:
Preproduction: photographer, graphic designer, reporter/journalist
Production: photographer, graphic designer, journalist
Post production: photographer, graphic designer, journalist
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